Normal
Hypertensive retinopathy
(grade 3 vasoconstriction, grade 1 arteriosclerosis, haemorrhages and cotton wool spots)
Diabetic retinopathy
(microaneurysm, haemorrhages and hard exudates)
Papilloedema (chronic phase)
Papilloedema (acute phase)
Glaucomatous optic atrophy (disc cupping and nerve fibre defect) (see
Glaucoma
)
Retinal Vein Occlusion
(acute phase): flame-shaped haemorrhage and cotton wool spots
Retinal Vein Occlusion
(post-retinal laser photocoagulation): note the dilated retinal veins
Toxoplasmosis: retinochoroiditis
Choroiditis
Age Related Macula degeneration
: macular exudates and subretinal haemorrhage